In general, soils are slowly formed through plant and microbial activities. Formation of soil organic matter is contributed by ten thousand of bacteria, archaea, and fungi and physicochemical association of organic matter with clay minerals. This nature of emergence challenges the reconsutruction of soil formation or artificial soil formation. To extract minimum requirements for initial soil formation from common minerals, eight kinds of mineral bags were buried in the surface soil of Kumamoto, Amami, and Okinawa in 1978 and 2021. Test minerals include sandstone, halloysite sediment, kaolinite sediment, andesite, granite, basalt, Akahoya volcanic ash, and Sakurajima volcanic ash. We recovered 0.5 year, 1.5 year, 30 year, and 40 year-old mineral bags to analyze specific surface areas, C concentrations, and microbial community composition using DNA extraction and amplicon sequencing. Results showed that the diversity (Shannon index) of prokaryotic and fungal community and C concentrations increased with increasing burial period. Among test minerals, rapid saturation of specific surface areas and rapid increases in microbial diversity and C storage were observed for andesite, Akahoya volcanic ash, and Sakurajima volcanic ash. The wide variation in microbial community composition suggests that different functions of artificial soils can be optimized depending on time and mineral types.