The Japanese Satoyama-Satoumi ecosystem and Indonesian ecotourism represent two distinct approaches to sustainability. Satoyama-Satoumi integrates traditional land and coastal management with biodiversity conservation, while Indonesian ecotourism emphasizes nature-based tourism for economic and environmental benefits. Comparing these systems can reveal strategies for balancing ecological integrity and socio-economic development. This study applies a literature review to analyze the principles, governance, and ecological outcomes of the Satoyama-Satoumi ecosystem in Japan. For Indonesian ecotourism, a case study approach is employed using previously collected data from selected ecotourism sites (Teluk Balikpapan and Mentawir Village, located in Nusantara Capital), focusing on community participation, economic impact, and conservation practices. For the Satoyama-Satoumi ecosystem, a systematic literature review was conducted using tools such as Publish or Perish for citation analysis, Mendeley for reference management, and databases including Scopus and Web of Science (WoS). Data analysis and visualization were performed using R Studio to identify trends and key themes. For Indonesian ecotourism, a case study approach was applied, utilizing field observations and semi-structured interviews with local communities, ecotourism organizers, tourists, and representatives of local government. This mixed-method design ensured both theoretical and empirical insights. The literature review indicates that Satoyama-Satoumi promotes multifunctional landscapes and cultural heritage preservation through adaptive management and strong local governance. The case study of Indonesian ecotourism shows significant contributions to local livelihoods and conservation, but challenges remain in maintaining ecological balance amid tourism growth. Both models share community involvement as a core principle but differ in scale, economic drivers, and cultural integration. The analysis suggests that both concepts can be integrated to create a synergistic model. Satoyama-Satoumi can serve as a base governance framework in rural Japanese regions, complemented by ecotourism activities and promotional strategies. This combination enables local communities to preserve traditional practices while diversifying their economy through ecotourism. Such an approach could attract both domestic and international visitors, fostering cultural exchange and sustainable livelihoods. Furthermore, this integrated model holds potential for adaptation in other countries worldwide. The comparison highlights opportunities for cross-learning: Satoyama-Satoumi’s holistic socio-ecological approach could inform ecotourism planning, while Indonesia’s tourism-driven model offers lessons in economic diversification. Integrating cultural values and participatory governance emerges as a key strategy for resilience. Adaptive, community-centered frameworks are essential for enhancing sustainability in socio-ecological systems. Lessons from both models can guide global efforts toward biodiversity conservation and sustainable livelihoods.